Which example illustrates DRA?

The example of ignoring a child’s outburst in favor of hand-raising illustrates Differentiated Reinforcement of Alternative behavior (DRA). In DRA, the focus is on reinforcing a desired alternative behavior while withholding reinforcement for an undesired behavior. In this case, the undesired behavior is the child’s outburst, and by ignoring that behavior and instead reinforcing hand-raising, the adult is encouraging the child to engage in a more appropriate form of communication. This helps in promoting positive behavior while reducing the undesired ones by directing the child's attention to a more acceptable alternative.

Other scenarios do not demonstrate the principles of DRA effectively. For instance, reinforcing a patient's noise doesn't support the idea of promoting a more constructive behavior. Allowing shouting instead of promoting quieter communication would not serve as a healthy alternative to manage the behavior either. Lastly, providing no reinforcement for quiet behavior does not emphasize or encourage alternative behaviors, which is at the core of the DRA concept.