What does shaping involve in behavioral training?

Shaping involves teaching new behaviors by using successive approximations to reach a desired behavior. This method relies on reinforcing those behaviors that are closer to the target behavior, gradually guiding the learner toward the final goal. By breaking down complex behaviors into smaller, more manageable steps, the trainer can provide reinforcement for each step that progresses the learner further along the path to the desired behavior.

For example, if the goal is for a child to speak in full sentences, the trainer might first reinforce babbling, then single words, followed by two-word combinations, and finally full sentences. This gradual approach helps build confidence and skill as the learner works toward the final behavior.

The other options do not capture the essence of shaping. Reinforcing only engaging behaviors does not specifically focus on the stepwise progress needed for shaping. Offering multiple task choices may provide variety but does not relate directly to the reinforcement of successive approximations. Maintaining a fixed schedule does not allow for the flexibility needed in shaping, as the reinforcement should be contingent upon the learner's progress rather than a predetermined timeline.